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Indexing Music by Mood: Design and Integration of an Automatic Content-based Annotator

Title Indexing Music by Mood: Design and Integration of an Automatic Content-based Annotator
Publication Type Journal Article
Year of Publication 2010
Authors Laurier, C. , Meyers O. , Serrà J. , Blech M. , Herrera P. , & Serra X.
Journal Title Multimedia Tools and Applications
Volume 48
Issue 1
Pages 161-184
Journal Date 05/2010
ISSN 1380-7501
Abstract In the context of content analysis for indexing and retrieval, a method for creating automatic music mood annotation is presented. The method is based on results from psychological studies and framed into a supervised learning approach using musical features automatically extracted from the raw audio signal. We present here some of the most relevant audio features to solve this problem. A ground truth, used for training, is created using both social network information systems (wisdom of crowds) and individual experts (wisdom of the few). At the experimental level, we evaluate our approach on a database of 1000 songs. Tests of different classification methods, configurations and optimizations have been conducted, showing that Support Vector Machines perform best for the task at hand. Moreover, we evaluate the algorithm robustness against different audio compression schemes. This fact, often neglected, is fundamental to build a system that is usable in real conditions. In addition, the integration of a fast and scalable version of this technique with the European Project PHAROS is discussed. This real world application demonstrates the usability of this tool to annotate large-scale databases. We also report on a user evaluation in the context of the PHAROS search engine, asking people about the utility, interest and innovation of this technology in real world use cases.
preprint/postprint document http://hdl.handle.net/10230/35055
Final publication http://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-009-0360-2